A Case of Coexistent Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis (TB) are chronic granulomatous diseases with similar radiological, clinical, and histopathological presentations. Although rare, both conditions can coexist together. Case reports of concomitant incidence have been published in the literature. The classic manifestations of both diseases overlap, making it difficult for clinicians to reach a final diagnosis. While TB is responsible for the majority of necrotizing granuloma cases, necrotizing sarcoidosis should be considered a possible diagnosis, especially in the absence of mycobacterial antigen isolation or when a remarkable improvement isn't achieved after administering anti-tb medications. We report a rare case of a 12-year-old female exhibiting an atypical form of the granulomatous disease (concomitant incidence of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis), who presented with respiratory distress, cough, fever, weight loss, and generalized fatigue that was initially diagnosed as Tuberculosis which was supported by radiological and biological findings. Initially, the patient had shown some clinical improvement with anti-tubercular treatment, but nonetheless, she experienced progressively increasing mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Subsequently, she developed new granulomatous skin findings. Further investigations supported the diagnosis of coexisting sarcoidosis.