A new method for investigating bioequivalence of inhaled formulations: A pilot study on salbutamol

Purpose: An efficient, cost-effective and non-invasive test is required to overcome the challenges faced in the process of bioequivalence (BE) studies of various orally inhaled drug formulations. Two different types of pressurized meter dose inhalers (MDI-1 and MDI-2) were used in this study to test the practical applicability of a previously proposed hypothesis on the BE of inhaled salbutamol formulations. Methods: Salbutamol concentration profiles of the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples collected from volunteers receiving two inhaled formulations were compared employing BE criteria. In addition, the aerodynamic particle size distribution of the inhalers was determined by employing next generation impactor. Salbutamol concentrations in the samples were determined using liquid and gas chromatographic methods. Results: The MDI-1 inhaler induced slightly higher EBC concentrations of salbutamol when compared with MDI-2. The geometric MDI-2/MDI-1 mean ratios (confidence intervals) were 0.937 (0.721-1.22) for maximum concentration and 0.841 (0.592-1.20) for area under the EBC-time profile, indicating a lack of BE between the two formulations. In agreement with the in vivo data, the in vitro data indicated that the fine particle dose (FPD) of MDI-1 was slightly higher than that for the MDI-2 formulation. However, the FPD differences between the two formulations were not statistically significant. Conclusion: EBC data of the present work may be considered as a reliable source for assessment of the BE studies of orally inhaled drug formulations. However, more detailed investigations employing larger sample sizes and more formulations are required to provide more evidence for the proposed method of BE assay.