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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
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A rapid theta network mechanism for flexible information encoding.

Elizabeth L Johnson1, Jack J Lin2, David King-Stephens3,4

  • 1Departments of Medical Social Sciences and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. eljohnson@northwestern.edu.

Nature Communications
|May 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Flexible behavior relies on gating mechanisms. This study reveals rapid neocortical theta network activity, not the striatum, underlies flexible information encoding in working memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Flexible behavior necessitates precise gating of information in working memory.
  • Current models propose frontoparietal networks for maintenance and the striatum for gating.
  • Neocortical mechanisms for rapid gating remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate rapid, within-trial neocortical mechanisms underlying flexible information gating in working memory.
  • To identify the neural dynamics that predict behavioral outputs by filtering task-relevant information.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in human patients.
  • Analyzed regional and inter-regional activity changes during working memory tasks.
  • Applied graph theoretical analyses to examine network connectivity, including default mode and attention networks.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated information accumulation via regional high-frequency activity and inter-regional theta synchrony within neocortical networks.
  • Revealed rapid changes in theta synchrony, linked to default mode network connectivity, support information filtering.
  • Linked filtering of relevant and irrelevant information to dorsal and ventral attention networks, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Established a rapid neocortical theta network mechanism for flexible information encoding.
  • This mechanism plays a crucial role in gating task-relevant information for working memory.
  • Findings challenge the traditional view attributing gating solely to the striatum.