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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Age-Related Social Cognitive Performance in Individuals With Psychotic Disorders and Their First-Degree Relatives.

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Social cognitive impairment varies with age in psychotic disorders. While older patients showed better theory of mind, emotion perception declined with age, impacting intervention timing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Social cognitive impairment is a known characteristic of psychotic disorders.
  • Research on age-related differences in social cognition within these disorders is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in social cognitive functions, specifically emotion perception and processing (EPP) and theory of mind (ToM), in individuals with psychotic disorders.
  • To explore how age interacts with group status (patients, siblings, controls) and clinical factors in relation to social cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 905 individuals with psychotic disorders, 966 unaffected siblings, and 544 controls (aged 18-55) from the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) study.
  • Applied multilevel linear models to analyze group main effects and age interactions on EPP (degraded facial affect recognition) and ToM (hinting task).

Main Results:

  • Emotion perception and processing (EPP) performance decreased with age across all groups.
  • Theory of mind (ToM) showed a significant group-by-age interaction: older patients performed better than younger patients, unlike siblings and controls.
  • In patients, the association between negative symptoms and ToM was stronger in younger individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Age impacts social cognitive performance differently across domains and groups in psychotic disorders.
  • Older patients demonstrated enhanced ToM, whereas EPP declined with age.
  • Findings suggest tailored timing for social cognitive training interventions based on age and specific cognitive domains.