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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
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Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

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Ca2+ signaling and cell death.

Nada Dhaouadi1, Veronica Angela Maria Vitto2, Paolo Pinton3

  • 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.

Cell Calcium
|May 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Calcium ions (Ca2+) are crucial regulators of multiple forms of cell death, influencing processes like apoptosis and necroptosis. Understanding these Ca2+ links is vital for cell death research.

Keywords:
ApoptosisBcl2Endoplasmic reticulum, immunogenic cell deathLysosomesMPT-driven necrosis

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Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
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Dissection of Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Cells by Membrane-targeted Ca2+ Indicators
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Monitoring Dynamic Changes In Mitochondrial Calcium Levels During Apoptosis Using A Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor
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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Multiple forms of regulated cell death (RCD) are characterized by distinct molecular machinery.
  • RCD occurs in physiological contexts and during cellular stress responses.
  • Calcium ions (Ca2+) interact with and regulate key components of RCD pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the relationship between Ca2+ and various RCD forms.
  • To highlight the role of intracellular Ca2+ accumulation in cytotoxicity and stress sensitization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of molecular interactions between Ca2+ and RCD pathways.

Main Results:

  • Ca2+ directly regulates components of multiple RCD pathways.
  • Intracellular Ca2+ overload can lead to organellar dysfunction and cell death.
  • Ca2+ can sensitize cells to RCD induced by other stressors.

Conclusions:

  • Ca2+ plays a significant regulatory role across diverse forms of RCD.
  • Understanding Ca2+-RCD interplay is essential for comprehending cell death mechanisms.
  • Further research into Ca2+ signaling in cell death is warranted.