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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Acinetobacter baumannii subunit vaccines: recent progress and challenges.

Yi Teng Lau1, Hock Siew Tan1,2

  • 1School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.

Critical Reviews in Microbiology
|May 21, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing an effective vaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii is crucial due to rising antibiotic resistance. Outer membrane proteins show promise, but challenges remain for regulatory approval of subunit vaccines.

Keywords:
Acinetobacter baumanniiouter membrane proteinreverse vaccinologysubunit vaccinevaccine candidate

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Acinetobacter baumannii is a dangerous Gram-negative pathogen causing severe hospital infections.
  • Multidrug resistance in A. baumannii necessitates novel therapeutic strategies, including vaccines.
  • Subunit vaccine development is a key focus due to the lack of effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review promising outer membrane protein (Omp) subunit vaccine candidates for Acinetobacter baumannii.
  • To highlight the potential of Omps like OmpA, Omp34, Omp22, and BamA.
  • To discuss challenges hindering the regulatory approval of A. baumannii vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies and reverse vaccinology approaches.
  • Inclusion of nineteen subunit vaccine candidates with varying efficacy.
  • Analysis of outer membrane proteins based on conservancy, antigenicity, and protective immunity.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen subunit vaccine candidates were identified, showing preclinical survival rates from 14% to 100%.
  • Outer membrane proteins OmpA, Omp34, Omp22, and BamA demonstrate significant potential as vaccine targets.
  • Despite promising candidates, no licensed A. baumannii vaccine is currently available.

Conclusions:

  • Outer membrane proteins are strong candidates for Acinetobacter baumannii vaccines.
  • Challenges such as study inconsistencies, antigen variability, and insolubility must be addressed.
  • Further research, standardization, and innovative technologies like nucleic acid vaccines are needed for regulatory approval.