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Related Concept Videos

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

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Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

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Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Somatosensory Event-related Potentials from Orofacial Skin Stretch Stimulation
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[Somatosensory Evoked Potentials].

Takeharu Kunieda1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine.

No Shinkei Geka. Neurological Surgery
|May 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) are crucial for monitoring brain and spinal cord function during surgery. Analyzing SEP amplitude and polarity helps map neural pathways and detect potential sensory pathway issues.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical neurophysiology
  • Evoked potentials analysis
  • Surgical neuromonitoring

Context:

  • Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) are fundamental in clinical practice.
  • SEPs assess brain and spinal cord responses to sensory stimuli.
  • Signal averaging is essential due to low SEP amplitude relative to background noise.

Purpose:

  • To detail the methodology and interpretation of SEPs.
  • To highlight the role of SEPs in functional mapping and surgical monitoring.
  • To explain how SEP components (amplitude, polarity) provide critical clinical information.

Summary:

  • SEPs are measured by averaging responses to multiple stimuli to isolate the evoked waveform.
  • Analysis involves assessing waveform polarity, latency, and amplitude.

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  • Amplitude changes indicate sensory pathway influence; polarity reversals aid in localization, such as to the central sulcus.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a basis for understanding neurological function and dysfunction.
    • Enhances surgical safety through real-time monitoring of neural pathways.
    • Facilitates accurate localization of central nervous system lesions or functional areas.