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Factors Associated With Hypertension and Cardiovascular Parameters in Children With Infrequently Relapsing Nephrotic

Muhsina Fathima T1, Abhijeet Saha2, Sanya Chopra1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi.

Indian Pediatrics
|May 22, 2023
PubMed

Insights

One third of children with infrequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (IRNS) had hypertension during relapse. Hypertensive children were more likely to have concentric geometry, indicating potential end-organ damage.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Health in Children
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Infrequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (IRNS) affects children, with potential complications like hypertension.
  • Understanding hypertension prevalence and associated risks in IRNS is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hypertension in children with IRNS during relapse.
  • To investigate the association between hypertension, dyslipidemia, and end-organ damage (left ventricular hypertrophy - LVH) in these children.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study involving 83 children (aged 1-12 years) with IRNS in relapse.
  • Evaluated blood pressure, fundus examination, blood/urine tests at relapse and 4 weeks post-therapy.
  • Echocardiography assessed LVH and concentric geometry (CG) at 4 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension was observed in 32.5% of children during relapse, with 25.3% having stage I hypertension.
  • Previous hypertension episodes and a family history of hypertension were significantly associated with current hypertension.
  • Concentric geometry (CG) was more prevalent in hypertensive children (28%) compared to non-hypertensive children (5.5%).

Conclusions:

  • Approximately one-third of children with IRNS experience hypertension at relapse.
  • A significant proportion of hypertensive children with IRNS exhibit concentric geometry, suggesting potential cardiac changes.
Abstract

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