Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presenting with Pituitary Apoplexy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background  Pituitary apoplexy is a rare condition that usually occurs in the setting of a pituitary adenoma. It can present with symptoms of visual disturbances, vertigo, headache, and neurological impairments. Computed tomography (CT) scans can aid in identifying pituitary apoplexy and ruling out other diseases. We present a unique case of pituitary apoplexy in the setting of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Case Description  A 61-year-old man with a past medical history significant for myocardial infarction presented to the emergency department with symptoms of diplopia and headache 36 hours after onset. The patient was found to have severe thrombocytopenia with a platelet count below 20,000. A CT of the head revealed a possible pituitary adenoma with compression of the optic chiasm. The patient's platelet count continued to decrease throughout his admission and dropped below 7,000 on day 2 of admission. The patient was given platelet transfusion along with intravenous immunoglobulins. The patient underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary mass. Pathology of the mass revealed immature platelets characteristic of immune ITP in the setting of pituitary apoplexy. Conclusion  While ITP in the setting of pituitary apoplexy is a rare entity, we believe that clinicians should have pituitary apoplexy on their differential diagnosis in patients with ITP.