Modeling air-to-air communication networks in the North Atlantic region

The North Atlantic is one of the world's airspaces accommodating a very high aircraft density while at the same time no radio coverage or radar surveillance is available. Beside satellite communication, one approach to enable data communication between aircraft and ground in the North Atlantic region is to establish ad-hoc  networks build up by direct data links between the aircraft that are acting as communication nodes. In this paper we, therefore, present a modeling approach to model air traffic and ad-hoc networks in the North Atlantic region using up-to-date flight plans and trajectory modeling techniques and to assess the connectivity provided by such networks. Assuming an applicable set of ground stations that provide data transfer to and from this airborne network, we assess the connectivity by time-series analysis and in total for a set of different fractions of all aircraft assumed to be equipped with the necessary systems as well as for a variation of the air-to-air communication range. In addition, we present average link durations, average amounts of hops to reach ground and numbers of connected aircraft for the different scenarios and identify general relations between the different factors and metrics. We will show, that communication range and equipage fraction significantly influence the connectivity of such networks.