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Pharmaceutical pictograms: User-centred redesign, selection and validation.

Rahul Malhotra1,2, Yi Wen Tan1, Sumithra Devi Suppiah1

  • 1Centre for Ageing Research & Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Redesigned pharmaceutical pictograms (International Pharmaceutical Federation pictograms) showed improved validity among older Singaporeans. This contextual redesigning and selection process enhanced pictogram understanding for patient information materials.

Keywords:
CommunicationHealthcare services researchPharmacy practicePrescription medication labels

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical sciences
  • Human factors engineering
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Previous studies indicated that certain International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) pictograms lacked validity among older adults in Singapore.
  • This highlights a critical need for improved medication safety communication for this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate redesigned variants of 27 previously unvalidated FIP pictograms.
  • To assess the effectiveness of these redesigned pictograms in conveying intended meanings to older Singaporean adults.

Main Methods:

  • Phase 1: Developed up to three variants for each of the 27 pictograms based on prior feedback.
  • Phase 2: Selected the most-preferred variant for 26 pictograms through participant choice (n=100 older adults).
  • Phase 3: Assessed the validity (transparency and translucency) of 27 redesigned pictograms among 278 older adults using specific questioning and rating criteria.

Main Results:

  • 77 pictogram variants were developed, with most-preferred variants selected by over 50% of participants.
  • 10 (37.0%) of the 27 pictograms achieved full validity, and 5 (18.5%) were partially valid.
  • Pictograms related to dosage, administration route, and precautions demonstrated higher validity compared to those for indications or side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Contextual redesign and selection significantly improved the validity of pharmaceutical pictograms that initially failed.
  • The validated, redesigned pictograms are suitable for integration into patient information materials for enhanced clinical practice and medication safety.