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Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

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Reduced Cone Density Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis.

Gemma McIlwaine1, Lajos Csincsik1,2, Rachel Coey1

  • 1Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.

Ophthalmology Science
|May 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked to retinal changes. Patients with MS showed decreased cone density, and those with optic neuritis experienced inner retinal thinning and outer retinal thickening.

Keywords:
Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopeConeMultiple sclerosisOCTRetina

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Retinal degeneration, particularly in inner retinal layers, is increasingly recognized in MS patients.
  • Outer retinal changes in MS remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate outer retinal structural changes in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To compare retinal layer thickness and cone photoreceptor density between MS patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 16 MS patients and 25 controls.
  • Acquisition of spectral domain-OCT scans for macular and optic nerve head analysis.
  • Adaptive optics (AO) imaging to assess cone photoreceptor density at various retinal eccentricities.

Main Results:

  • Eyes with a history of optic neuritis in MS patients showed significant inner retinal thinning and outer retinal thickening.
  • Cone outer-segment density was significantly reduced in all MS patients compared to controls, irrespective of optic neuritis history.
  • Regional differences in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer were observed in MS patients without optic neuritis.

Conclusions:

  • All MS patients exhibited decreased cone densities, suggesting a potential biomarker.
  • Outer retinal changes, particularly in cone photoreceptors, are present in MS.
  • Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm the utility of these findings for MS detection and monitoring.