Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics in clinical applications

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Proteomics

Background:

• Protein phosphorylation is a critical post-translational modification regulating cellular functions.
• Aberrant phosphorylation is linked to disease pathogenesis.
• Analyzing phosphoproteins offers insights for precision medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics.
• To highlight recent clinical applications of phosphoproteomics.
• To discuss future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

• Mass spectrometry (MS)-centered characterization for high-throughput phosphoprotein identification.
• Review of sample preparation techniques and MS instrumentation.
• Emphasis on data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods in MS.

Main Results:

• MS enables discovery-driven and in-depth analysis of phosphorylation events.
• Extracellular vesicles from biofluids are a promising source for phosphoproteome analysis.
• Data-independent acquisition is identified as a key future direction.

Conclusions:

• MS-based phosphoproteomics is crucial for understanding cellular physiology and disease.
• Liquid biopsy using extracellular vesicles offers a non-invasive approach for clinical analysis.
• Advancements in MS techniques, particularly DIA, will drive future discoveries.