Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

1.3K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.3K
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

1.1K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
1.1K
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

1.6K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
1.6K
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

609
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
609
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

3.2K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
3.2K
Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

Neurons as Communicators of the Brain

1.4K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A population approach to cortical GABAergic interneuron function.

Neuron·2026
Same author

Information theoretic measures of neural and behavioural coupling predict representational drift.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Voltage imaging as a window into neural computation.

Neurophotonics·2026
Same author

From bench to big boss: mitigating the widening gap between PI and lab.

Nature·2025
Same author

Network models incorporating chloride dynamics predict optimal strategies for terminating status epilepticus.

Neurobiology of disease·2025
Same author

Balancing complexity, performance and plausibility to meta learn plasticity rules in recurrent spiking networks.

PLoS computational biology·2025
Same journal

Fleeing is believing: adaptive behavior under social threat as an inference process.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same journal

A modular and flexible pipeline for intraoperative electrode reconstruction and localization in patients with brain lesions.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same journal

Functional implications of atypical action potential generation in the (patho)physiological brain: from developmental program to glioma.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same journal

Loss of function of Noggin inhibits glial scar formation and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same journal

Cross domain consistency of aesthetic preference-driven social behavior.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
Same journal

Beyond synaptic plasticity: a summary of a linear model of the cerebellar locomotor computation.

Frontiers in neural circuits·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains
10:08

Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains

Published on: June 8, 2018

8.0K

Cortical interneurons: fit for function and fit to function? Evidence from development and evolution.

Joram Keijser1,2, Henning Sprekeler1,3

  • 1Modelling of Cognitive Processes, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits
|May 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cortical interneuron diversity, including parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) cells, likely predates their role in compartmental inhibition of pyramidal cells. These interneuron types evolved before the specific functions they serve in mammals today.

Keywords:
developmentevolutioninhibitioninterneuronmicrocircuitsneural morphologypyramidal cell dendritessingle cell RNA seq

More Related Videos

Juxtasomal Biocytin Labeling to Study the Structure-function Relationship of Individual Cortical Neurons
10:36

Juxtasomal Biocytin Labeling to Study the Structure-function Relationship of Individual Cortical Neurons

Published on: February 25, 2014

13.7K
Subtype-selective Electroporation of Cortical Interneurons
06:42

Subtype-selective Electroporation of Cortical Interneurons

Published on: August 18, 2014

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains
10:08

Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains

Published on: June 8, 2018

8.0K
Juxtasomal Biocytin Labeling to Study the Structure-function Relationship of Individual Cortical Neurons
10:36

Juxtasomal Biocytin Labeling to Study the Structure-function Relationship of Individual Cortical Neurons

Published on: February 25, 2014

13.7K
Subtype-selective Electroporation of Cortical Interneurons
06:42

Subtype-selective Electroporation of Cortical Interneurons

Published on: August 18, 2014

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cortical inhibitory interneurons exhibit remarkable diversity, suggesting specialized functions.
  • Parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons are key subtypes, differentially targeting pyramidal cell compartments.
  • The hypothesis that pyramidal cell compartmentalization drove interneuron diversification is explored.

Approach:

  • Review and reanalysis of public data on PV/SST interneuron development and evolution.
  • Comparative analysis with pyramidal cell morphology development and evolution.
  • Examination of gene expression patterns (e.g., Elfn1, Cbln4) in non-mammalian species.

Key Points:

  • Interneuron fate commitment (PV vs. SST) occurs early in development, preceding late pyramidal cell maturation.
  • PV and SST interneurons, and their associated genes, existed in the last common ancestor of mammals and reptiles.
  • Compartmental targeting mechanisms evolved before the selective pressure for this specific function in mammals.

Conclusions:

  • Pyramidal cell structure did not drive the diversification of PV and SST interneurons.
  • Interneuron diversity likely arose from a different evolutionary pressure and was later co-opted for compartmental inhibition.
  • Further research using computational reconstructions of ancestral proteins can validate these findings.