Cynomolgus-rhesus hybrid macaques serve as a platform for imprinting studies

Genomic imprinting can lead to allele-specific expression (ASE), where one allele is preferentially expressed more than the other. Perturbations in genomic imprinting or ASE genes have been widely observed across various neurological disorders, notably autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we crossed rhesus cynomolgus monkeys to produce hybrid monkeys and established a framework to evaluate their allele-specific gene expression patterns using the parental genomes as a reference. Our proof-of-concept analysis of the hybrid monkeys identified 353 genes with allele-biased expression in the brain, enabling us to determine the chromosomal locations of ASE clusters. Importantly, we confirmed a significant enrichment of ASE genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including ASD, highlighting the potential of hybrid monkey models in advancing our understanding of genomic imprinting.