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A Review on Treatment-Related Brain Changes in Aphasia.

Klara Schevenels1, Cathy J Price2, Inge Zink1

  • 1Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Neurobiology of Language (Cambridge, Mass.)
|May 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Brain changes from aphasia therapy vary, with some evidence suggesting rhythmic-melodic training impacts the right hemisphere more. Recovery involves both typical language areas and other brain regions, highlighting the need for integrated research.

Keywords:
aphasiabrain plasticityinterventionneuroimaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech and Language Pathology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Aphasia, a language disorder post-stroke, often necessitates targeted interventions.
  • Numerous studies have explored brain changes associated with various aphasia therapies.
  • Understanding the neural correlates of language recovery is crucial for optimizing treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate findings from existing studies on brain changes following aphasia interventions.
  • To determine if intervention type influences the location of neural changes.
  • To assess if changes occur within or outside the traditional language network and relate to outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 32 studies involving 204 unique patients with aphasia.
  • Analysis of brain regions showing changes related to different intervention types (phonology, semantics, orthography, syntax, rhythmic-melodic).
  • Examination of the relationship between neural changes, intervention focus, and language recovery outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The specific location of treatment-related brain changes did not strongly depend on the targeted language processing type.
  • Rhythmic-melodic training showed a potential for greater right-hemisphere impact compared to linguistic training.
  • Language recovery was associated with changes in left and right hemisphere language networks, as well as medial and subcortical regions (e.g., precuneus, basal ganglia).

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence suggests a complex pattern of brain changes following aphasia interventions, extending beyond traditional language areas.
  • The heterogeneity of stroke-induced aphasia necessitates larger, more systematic studies with subject-specific data (e.g., lesion information).
  • Future research should investigate whole-brain connectivity patterns to provide a comprehensive understanding of treatment-related neural plasticity and language recovery.