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Risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in a cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Kateir Contreras-Villamizar1,2,3, Oscar Barbosa4,5, Ana Cecilia Muñoz4,5

  • 1Nephrology Unit, Kr 7 40 62 Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, 110231, Bogotá, DC, Colombia. kcontreras@husi.org.co.

BMC Nephrology
|May 22, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Male sex, older age, and pre-existing conditions like chronic kidney disease and high blood pressure increase the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients. Certain medications and vasopressor support also contribute to AKI development.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • COVID-19 is frequently associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), a condition linked to increased patient mortality.
  • Identifying factors contributing to AKI in COVID-19 patients is crucial for improving clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the specific factors associated with the development of AKI in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • To estimate the incidence of AKI within 28 days of hospital admission for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted in two Colombian university hospitals.
  • Included were adult patients hospitalized for over 48 hours with confirmed COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2021.

Main Results:

  • Of 1584 patients, 46.5% developed AKI, with 23.6% classified as KDIGO 3 and 11.1% requiring renal replacement therapy.
  • Risk factors for AKI included male sex, older age, history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and high blood pressure (HBP), elevated qSOFA scores, vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam use, and vasopressor support.
  • Hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with AKI (45.5%) compared to those without (11.7%).

Conclusions:

  • Male sex, advanced age, pre-existing HBP and CKD, elevated qSOFA scores, and the use of nephrotoxic medications and vasopressors are key risk factors for AKI in COVID-19 patients.
  • These findings highlight the importance of monitoring kidney function and managing risk factors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acute Kidney InjuryCOVID-19OutcomesRisk factors

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