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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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[Cancer Immunotherapy Using Allogeneic NKT Cells].

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Researchers developed NKT cell-targeted immunotherapies for lung and head and neck cancers using autologous cells. Allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cell-derived NKT cell therapy is now under investigation for improved treatment efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Therapy

Background:

  • Autologous NKT cell-targeted immunotherapy was developed for lung and head and neck cancers.
  • Challenges exist in producing sufficient autologous NKT cells due to their low frequency in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and variable patient-derived immunologic function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of autologous NKT cell-targeted immunotherapy for lung and head and neck cancers.
  • To explore the potential of allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell)-derived NKT cell therapy as a more stable and scalable alternative.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer)-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from patient PBMCs.
  • Intravenous transfer of αGalCer-pulsed APCs for lung cancer patients.
  • Nasal submucosal transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous NKT cells combined with αGalCer-pulsed APCs for head and neck cancer patients.

Main Results:

  • Autologous NKT cell therapy showed potential to improve survival time in lung cancer patients.
  • Combination therapy with αGalCer-pulsed APCs and NKT cells increased response rates in head and neck cancer patients compared to APCs alone.
  • Development of allogeneic iPS cell-derived NKT cell therapy is underway due to limitations of autologous approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Autologous NKT cell-targeted immunotherapy shows promise but faces challenges in cell production and consistency.
  • Allogeneic iPS cell-derived NKT cell therapy represents a promising avenue for overcoming these limitations.
  • A phase I clinical trial for iPS cell-derived NKT cell therapy in head and neck cancer is currently ongoing.