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Related Concept Videos

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.3K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.4K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
13.4K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

14.0K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues

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Chromatin structure related to oncogenesis.

Syota Matsumoto1, Naoki Horikoshi1, Yoshimasa Takizawa1

  • 1Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Cancer Science
|May 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Chromatin and nucleosome structure are vital for DNA maintenance. Alterations in these structures, including histone mutations, are linked to cancer development, highlighting their crucial role in tumorigenesis.

Keywords:
DNA repairchromatinhistone modificationhistone mutationnucleosome

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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Chromatin, composed of DNA and histone proteins, forms the fundamental structure of eukaryotic genomes.
  • Nucleosomes are the primary units of chromatin, essential for genomic DNA maintenance.
  • Histone mutations and variations are frequently observed in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the relationship between chromatin structure and cancer development.
  • To explore the role of histone modifications and variants in regulating chromatin.
  • To discuss the impact of nucleosome binding proteins on dynamic chromatin changes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on chromatin structure and cancer.
  • Analysis of studies investigating histone mutations, modifications, and variants in cancer.
  • Examination of research on nucleosome binding proteins and their role in chromatin dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Histone mutations are implicated in the development of numerous cancers.
  • Histone modifications and variants play a regulatory role in chromatin and nucleosome structure.
  • Nucleosome binding proteins dynamically alter chromatin structures.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin and nucleosome structures are closely associated with cancer development.
  • Understanding these structures is crucial for advancing cancer research and therapy.
  • Further investigation into chromatin dynamics offers potential avenues for cancer treatment.