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Salt and Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure
Sepiso K Masenga1,2, Annet Kirabo3
1HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Zambia.
Current Hypertension Reports
|May 23, 2023
Summary
High dietary salt intake disrupts gut microbiota, contributing to heart failure (HF) through specific molecular pathways. This review explores the gut-heart axis mechanisms linking salt, gut dysbiosis, and HF pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Cardiology
- Nutrition Science
Background:
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF).
- Dietary factors, particularly high salt consumption, influence gut microbiota composition and diversity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms by which dietary salt modulates the gut microbiota.
- To elucidate the role of the gut-heart axis in the pathogenesis of heart failure.
Main Methods:
- Literature review summarizing current research on dietary salt, gut microbiota, and heart failure.
- Analysis of molecular pathways linking gut dysbiosis induced by salt to cardiac dysfunction.
Main Results:
- High dietary salt intake alters gut microbiota composition, reducing biodiversity and promoting dysbiosis.
- Salt-induced gut dysbiosis activates signaling pathways (e.g., NHE3, MEF/NFAT, SIK1) contributing to cardiac structural and functional changes.
- Gut microbiota metabolites and immune cell activation are key mediators in salt-exacerbated HF.
Conclusions:
- Dietary salt significantly impacts the gut microbiota, playing a crucial role in the gut-heart axis.
- Understanding these mechanisms provides insight into HF pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
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