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An Ancestral Balanced Inversion Polymorphism Confers Global Adaptation.

Martin Kapun1,2,3,4, Esra Durmaz Mitchell1,2,5, Tadeusz J Kawecki1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The widespread Drosophila inversion In(3R)Payne, originating in Africa, shows latitudinal clines globally. This balanced polymorphism, maintained by selection, is more frequent in warm climates, suggesting adaptation to temperature.

Keywords:
adaptationbalanced polymorphismbalancing selectionclinesinversion

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Population genomics
  • Drosophila melanogaster research

Background:

  • Chromosomal inversions are key to adaptation but their mechanisms are poorly understood.
  • The inversion In(3R)Payne in Drosophila melanogaster is linked to latitudinal fitness clines across continents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the population genomics of the In(3R)Payne inversion across four continents.
  • To understand the origin, spread, and adaptive significance of this widespread inversion polymorphism.

Main Methods:

  • Single-individual whole-genome sequencing
  • Transcriptomics (RNA-sequencing)
  • Analysis of published sequencing data

Main Results:

  • Confirmation of In(3R)Payne's origin in sub-Saharan Africa and cosmopolitan spread.
  • Evidence of balancing selection maintaining the inversion and linked alleles across continents.
  • Differential gene expression linked to inversion, with higher expression in inverted chromosomes at low temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • In(3R)Payne is an ancient balanced polymorphism that spread globally.
  • The inversion is latitudinally assorted along climatic gradients, favoring warmer regions.
  • This suggests adaptation to temperature, with potential loss of plasticity in inverted chromosomes.