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Handedness patterns in autism suggest subtypes.

H V Soper, P Satz, D L Orsini

    Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Autistic individuals show a significant shift away from right-handedness, with increased rates of left-handedness and ambiguous handedness. Ambiguous handedness in autism is linked to lower intellectual scores, suggesting CNS differences.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Behavioral Genetics

    Background:

    • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
    • Handedness variations have been observed in ASD, but require further investigation.
    • Understanding these variations may offer insights into underlying brain structure and function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the incidence of non-right-handedness in autistic individuals.
    • To characterize handedness phenotypes (e.g., left-handedness, ambiguous handedness) in ASD.
    • To explore the association between handedness phenotypes and cognitive functioning in autism.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a comprehensive assessment procedure with numerous items for autistic subjects (children and adults).

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  • Administered assessments across multiple sessions, spaced one week apart, accommodating lower-functioning individuals.
  • Analyzed handedness distribution and correlated phenotypes with intellectual scores in two autistic samples.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant shift away from right-handedness was observed in both autistic samples.
    • Increased incidences of manifest left-handedness and ambiguous handedness were identified.
    • Ambiguously handed individuals exhibited significantly lower intellectual scores in one sample, suggesting potential bilateral central nervous system (CNS) pathology.

    Conclusions:

    • Autism Spectrum Disorder is characterized by a notable deviation in handedness distribution towards non-right-handedness.
    • Manifest left-handedness and ambiguous handedness are key phenotypes in this shift.
    • Ambiguous handedness may serve as a marker for impaired cognitive functioning and potential early brain injury in some autistic individuals.