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Electroencephalography in young onset dementia.

Casey W Brown¹, Huei-Yang Chen², Peter K Panegyres^3,4

¹Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.

|May 23, 2023

Summary

Electroencephalography (EEG) shows high specificity for diagnosing young onset dementia (YOD). Absence of slow wave changes and epileptiform activity makes YOD unlikely, with 100% negative predictive value.

Keywords:

Alzheimer’s disease: frontotemporal dementia Electroencephalography Young onset dementia

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroscience
Medical Diagnostics

Background:

Young onset dementia (YOD) presents significant diagnostic and management challenges.
Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective patient care and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the utility of electroencephalography (EEG) in diagnosing young onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD) and young onset frontotemporal dementia (YOFTD).
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EEG findings in differentiating YOD from controls.

Main Methods:

Prospective study of 231 participants (103 YOAD, 28 YOFTD, 100 controls) over 25 years.
Standardized 30-minute EEG recordings were performed without knowledge of clinical diagnosis.
Analysis focused on slow wave changes and epileptiform activity.

Main Results:

Abnormal EEGs were observed in 80.9% of YOD patients (P < 0.00001).
Slow wave changes were more prevalent in YOAD than YOFTD (P < 0.00001), while epileptiform activity showed no significant difference.
EEG findings demonstrated high specificity (97-99%) for YOD diagnosis, with a 100% negative predictive value for the absence of abnormalities.

Conclusions:

EEG is a highly specific diagnostic tool for YOD.
The absence of slow wave changes and epileptiform phenomena strongly suggests that a patient does not have YOD.
EEG findings, particularly the absence of specific abnormalities, provide valuable information for ruling out YOD.