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Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

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Current Perspectives on Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Shaik Shafiullah¹, Suneela Dhaneshwar²

¹Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, U.P., India.

Current Molecular Medicine

|May 24, 2023

Summary

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder with genetic roots, impacting attention and behavior. Understanding its dopamine pathway and genetic basis is key for better diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Keywords:

Brain behavior cognition dopaminergic pathway hyperkinetic diseases.neurodevelopment

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Area of Science:

Neurobiology
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Genetics

Background:

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological and neurodevelopmental disorder with a significant genetic component.
ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, often leading to functional disability.
A familial history of ADHD increases the risk of developing the disorder by five to ten times.

Purpose of the Study:

To clarify the etiological aspects of ADHD.
To identify the underlying mechanisms of ADHD pathophysiology.
To explore potential biomarkers for improved ADHD diagnosis.

Main Methods:

Review of existing research on ADHD.
Analysis of the role of dopamine pathways in ADHD.
Application of the life course theory framework.

Main Results:

Abnormal brain structure in ADHD affects neural mechanisms like cognition and attention.
Deterioration of dopamine levels impacts mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and mesocortical pathways.
Reduced dopamine levels are hypothesized to cause impaired attention and arousal functions.

Conclusions:

Clarifying etiological aspects and pathophysiology is crucial for advancing ADHD treatment.
Identifying biomarkers can lead to better diagnostic tools for ADHD.
Long-term research and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for ADHD innovation.