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Analysis of possible risk predictors in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study

Beatriz Nienkotter1, Marcelo Vier Gambetta1, Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha1

  • 1Centro Universitário para o Desenvolvimento do Alto Vale do Itajaí, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Médicas: Investigações em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina - Rio do Sul (SC), Brazil.

Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)
|May 24, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Older age and significant pulmonary involvement predict worse outcomes for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. High-flow oxygen therapy indicates a severe prognosis, while corticosteroid treatment showed benefits in managing coronavirus disease 2019.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding the clinical-epidemiological profile of hospitalized patients is crucial for effective management.
  • Tertiary care hospitals play a vital role in managing severe COVID-19 cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital.
  • To identify predictors of adverse outcomes and assess survival rates.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of treatments like corticosteroid therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Observational, retrospective cohort study.
  • Analysis of medical records of 502 patients hospitalized between April 2020 and December 2021.
  • Inclusion of demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory findings, clinical course, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The study included 502 patients, with a median age of 56 years; 31.7% were over 65.
  • Common symptoms included dyspnea and cough; frequent comorbidities were obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.
  • Predictors of poor prognosis included age >65, pulmonary involvement >50%, and need for high-flow oxygen therapy. Corticosteroids were widely used (98.4%) with beneficial outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Age over 65 and extensive pulmonary involvement are significant predictors of worse prognosis in COVID-19.
  • The requirement for high-flow oxygen therapy indicates a more severe disease course.
  • Corticosteroid treatment demonstrated a beneficial effect in the management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

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