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Technical note: Measures of differentiation for quantitative traits.

John H Relethford1

  • 1Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Oneonta, Oneonta, New York, USA.

American Journal of Biological Anthropology
|May 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored quantitative trait variation in anthropological genetics. A simple measure, proportion of variation (P), is closely related to Wright

Keywords:
FSTR2analysis of variancequantitative traits

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropological genetics
  • Bioarcheology
  • Quantitative genetics

Background:

  • Studies in anthropological genetics and bioarcheology frequently assess among-group variation in quantitative traits like craniometrics and anthropometrics.
  • Wright's measure (Fst) is a common index for among-group differentiation, but its application with quantitative traits can be limited by population-genetic model assumptions.
  • A simpler measure of among-group variation is often sufficient for comparative analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate the proportion of phenotypic variation (P) as a straightforward measure of among-group differentiation for quantitative traits.
  • To demonstrate the relationship between P and the minimum value of Wright's Fst estimated from quantitative traits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression methods to calculate the proportion of total phenotypic variation attributable to among-group differences (P).
  • Derived the mathematical relationship between P and minimum Fst.

Main Results:

  • Established a close mathematical relationship between P and minimum Fst: P = Fst / (1 - Fst).
  • Demonstrated that P is computationally simple and effectively quantifies relative among-group differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • The proportion of phenotypic variation (P) offers a computationally accessible and interpretable alternative to complex population-genetic measures for assessing among-group differentiation in quantitative traits.
  • P is suitable for applications requiring a simple index of relative variation between groups in anthropological and bioarcheological studies.