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iChip

The cultivation of environmental microorganisms has long been hindered by the inability to replicate complex native conditions in vitro. The isolation chip (iChip) addresses this limitation by facilitating the growth of previously uncultivable microorganisms through in situ incubation. Designed for high-throughput microbial cultivation, the iChip comprises hundreds of microchambers, each capable of housing a single microbial cell. These microchambers are loaded with a mixture of molten agar and...
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Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

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Insight on Bacterial Newborn Meningitis Using a Neurovascular-Unit-on-a-Chip.

Rossana Rauti1,2, Sharon Navok3, Dvora Biran3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

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|May 24, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel organ-on-a-chip platform accurately models bacterial meningitis, enabling detailed study of pathogen interactions with the blood-brain barrier and neurons. This breakthrough facilitates identification of virulence factors for improved understanding and treatment of this severe infection.

Keywords:
BBB permeabilityE. coliMEAbacterial meningitiselectrophysiologyin vitro modelsneuronal networkneurovascular unitnewborn meningitisorgan-on-a-chipvascular cells

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Bacterial meningitis poses significant challenges due to limitations in current research models, hindering pathogenesis studies.
  • Understanding pathogen-host interactions at the blood-brain barrier is crucial for developing effective therapies.
  • Existing animal models and genomic studies are often inadequate for complex infections like bacterial meningitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and utilize a physiologically relevant organ-on-a-chip platform to study bacterial meningitis pathogenesis.
  • To investigate the dynamic interactions between bacterial pathogens, the neurovascular unit, and neurons.
  • To establish a system for large-scale genetic screening of bacterial virulence factors in meningitis.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an organ-on-a-chip platform integrating endothelium and neurons.
  • High-magnification microscopy to visualize pathogen-host interactions.
  • Permeability measurements, electrophysiological recordings, and immunofluorescence staining to assess barrier integrity and neuronal damage.

Main Results:

  • The platform successfully mimicked in vivo conditions for studying bacterial meningitis.
  • Detailed visualization of pathogen translocation across the blood-brain barrier and subsequent neuronal damage.
  • Identification of key processes and interactions previously unobserved in meningitis models.

Conclusions:

  • The organ-on-a-chip system provides a powerful tool for studying bacterial meningitis and other neurovascular infections.
  • This platform enables functional genomic screens to identify bacterial virulence genes.
  • The findings are essential for advancing the understanding and therapeutic strategies for bacterial meningitis, particularly in newborns.