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A Prospective Observational Study of Children with FS-Associated Hospitalization: The Implication and Outcomes of

Fang Chen1, Fan Feng1, Dianping You1

  • 1Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050031, People's Republic of China.

International Journal of General Medicine
|May 24, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Central nervous system infections are present in febrile seizures (FS) hospitalized children. Multiplex-PCR of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified seven pathogens, highlighting the need for timely pathogen testing in diagnosing FS.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Febrile seizures (FS) are a frequent cause of pediatric emergency room visits.
  • Limited research exists on the etiology and epidemiology of febrile seizures.
  • Understanding the prevalence of central nervous system (CNS) infections in hospitalized children with FS is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of CNS pathogenic infections in children hospitalized with febrile seizures.
  • To identify specific viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens associated with febrile seizures.
  • To assess the clinical and laboratory differences between infected and non-infected children.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study enrolled 119 children under 16 with FS-associated hospitalization.
  • Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were systematically recorded.
  • Multiplex-PCR analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed to detect nine viruses, nine bacteria, and one fungus.

Main Results:

  • 83.2% of children were diagnosed with FS or FS plus; 16.8% had epilepsy, encephalitis, or meningitis.
  • Seven pathogens (viruses: EV, EBV, HHV-6; bacteria: H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis, S. putrefaciens) were identified in 7.6% of CSF samples.
  • No significant clinical/laboratory differences were noted, except for herpes pharyngitis presentation; encephalitis/meningitis cases had longer hospital stays.

Conclusions:

  • Hospitalized children with febrile seizures may harbor intracranial viral or bacterial infections.
  • CSF pathogen testing is vital for differentiating FS from other CNS disorders.
  • Timely targeted antibiotic or antiviral therapy is essential when clinical and lab findings are ambiguous.
Abstract

Keywords:
CSFchildrenfebrile seizureinfection

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