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    This study presents a novel photoacoustic imaging probe for laparoscopic surgery, enabling real-time visualization of blood vessels and nerves to improve surgical precision and patient outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Imaging
    • Surgical Technology

    Background:

    • Laparoscopic surgery requires precise visualization of delicate anatomical structures.
    • Current imaging techniques may not adequately identify subsurface blood vessels and nerves.
    • Minimizing damage to vital structures is crucial for reducing post-operative complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a flexible, miniaturized photoacoustic (PA) imaging probe for laparoscopic surgery.
    • To enable intraoperative detection of critical vascular and nerve structures not visible to the surgeon.
    • To enhance the preservation of delicate tissues during minimally invasive procedures.

    Main Methods:

    • Modification of a commercial ultrasound laparoscopic probe with custom side-illumination diffusing fibers.
    • Computational modeling and experimental validation of probe geometry for optimal light propagation.
    • Integration of photoacoustic imaging capabilities into a laparoscopic probe.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved imaging resolution of 0.43 ±0.09 mm in phantom studies.
    • Demonstrated a signal-to-noise ratio of 31.2±1.84 dB in phantom studies.
    • Successfully detected blood vessels and nerves ex vivo in a rat model.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed side-illumination diffusing fiber PA imaging system is viable for laparoscopic surgical guidance.
    • This technology has the potential to significantly improve the preservation of critical neurovascular structures.
    • Clinical translation could lead to reduced post-operative complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.