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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Intra-lymph Node Injection of Biodegradable Polymer Particles

Intra-lymph Node Injection of Biodegradable Polymer Particles

Published on: January 2, 2014

Long-acting vaccine delivery systems.

Pavan Walvekar¹, Pradeep Kumar¹, Yahya E Choonara¹

¹Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

|May 24, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Biomaterial-based vaccine delivery systems offer a promising solution to improve adaptive immunity by prolonging antigen exposure. These systems enhance T and B lymphocyte activation, potentially reducing the need for multiple vaccine doses.

Keywords:

Biomaterials Immunogenicity Immunotherapy Long-acting vaccines Sustained delivery

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Immunology
Vaccine Delivery Systems

Background:

Traditional bolus vaccines require multiple administrations due to rapid clearance and poor lymph node transport, leading to insufficient T and B lymphocyte activation.
Achieving robust adaptive immunity necessitates prolonged antigen exposure to immune cells for effective presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and discuss polymer and lipid-based biomaterial strategies for developing long-acting vaccine carriers.
To evaluate the impact of these biomaterial-based systems on antigen presentation and subsequent immune responses.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on biomaterial-based vaccine delivery systems.
Analysis of studies exploring various polymers and lipids for long-acting vaccine carrier development.
Discussion of reported immune responses elicited by these novel vaccine strategies.

Main Results:

Long-acting biomaterial carriers can modulate antigen release, improving antigen presentation in lymph nodes.
Polymer and lipid-based strategies have shown potential in enhancing T and B cell responses.
These advanced delivery systems aim to achieve more effective and potentially less frequent vaccination.

Conclusions:

Biomaterial-based vaccine delivery systems represent a significant advancement in overcoming the limitations of conventional vaccines.
The strategic use of polymers and lipids can lead to enhanced and sustained immune responses.
Further research in this area holds promise for developing more effective and convenient vaccination strategies.