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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Lithium crystallization at solid interfaces.

Menghao Yang1, Yunsheng Liu1, Yifei Mo2,3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

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|May 24, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers uncovered new pathways for lithium crystallization in solid-state batteries. This discovery aids in engineering better metal anodes for high-energy rechargeable batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • High-energy rechargeable batteries rely on understanding electrochemical deposition of metal anodes.
  • Solid-state lithium metal batteries are of significant interest for advanced energy storage.
  • The crystallization process of lithium ions into lithium metal at solid-electrolyte interfaces remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the atomistic pathways and energy barriers of lithium crystallization at solid interfaces.
  • To challenge conventional understandings of lithium metal formation.
  • To provide a basis for rational interfacial engineering strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
  • Atomistic pathways and energy barriers of lithium crystallization were investigated.
  • Interfacial lithium atom configurations were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Lithium crystallization proceeds through multi-step pathways, contrary to previous assumptions.
  • Disordered and random-closed-packed configurations of interfacial lithium atoms act as intermediate steps.
  • These intermediate states contribute to the overall energy barrier of crystallization.

Conclusions:

  • The study extends Ostwald's step rule to interfacial atom states.
  • Promoting favorable interfacial atom states offers a strategy for lower-barrier crystallization.
  • Findings enable rational interfacial engineering for metal electrodes in solid-state batteries and general fast crystal growth.