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Context drives movement patterns in a mobile marine predator.

Nicolas Lubitz1,2, Ryan Daly3,4, John D Filmalter4

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Individual bull sharks exhibit diverse movement patterns influenced by prey availability and environmental changes. These variations, from residency to long-distance migrations, highlight common drivers of behavioral plasticity across species.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Intra-specific variability in movement is common but often overlooked, creating knowledge gaps on its drivers and ecological roles.
  • Understanding individual differences in movement is crucial for predicting species' responses to environmental change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drivers of variable movement behavior in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) across their distribution.
  • To test how resource availability and seasonal environmental changes interact to shape movement patterns.
  • To assess potential alterations in movement under future climate change scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Acoustic telemetry of bull sharks and their teleost prey in southern Africa.
  • Spatial analysis integrating animal movements with remote-sensing of environmental data.
  • Context-focused approach examining movement in relation to life history requirements.

Main Results:

  • Bull sharks exhibited varied movement strategies, including residency, small/large-scale movements, and 'leap-frog migrations'.
  • High seasonal overlap with prey aggregations was observed in both central and peripheral populations.
  • Movement patterns were context-dependent, influenced by environmental factors and prey dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Resource availability and seasonal environmental shifts interact to create predictable yet variable movement behaviors.
  • Intra-specific movement variability in bull sharks suggests common underlying drivers across diverse taxa.
  • Understanding these patterns is vital for predicting species' adaptability to changing environments.