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Teratogenicity

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs

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Thalidomide upper limb embryopathy - pathogenesis, past and present management and future considerations.

Neil Vargesson¹, Geoffrey Hooper², Grey Giddins³

¹School of Medicine Medical Sciences & Nutrition. Institute of Medical Sciences. University of Aberdeen. Aberdeen, UK.

The Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume

|May 25, 2023

Summary

Thalidomide embryopathy, a birth defect, still poses risks despite the drug

Keywords:

Thalidomide cereblon embryopathy radial dysplasia reversed shoulder

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Published on: March 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Teratology
Medical history

Background:

Thalidomide caused severe limb defects (embryopathy) when used in the 1950s-60s.
Despite its withdrawal, thalidomide is now re-licensed for specific conditions like cancers and inflammatory disorders.
Unsafe use can still lead to embryonic damage.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of thalidomide upper limb embryopathy.
To discuss pathogenesis, historical and current management strategies for pediatric and adult patients.
To raise awareness of age-related changes in individuals with limb differences and inform care.

Main Methods:

Literature review of thalidomide embryopathy.
Analysis of historical and contemporary management approaches.
Examination of age-related changes and future therapeutic directions.

Main Results:

Thalidomide's teratogenic effects on limb development are well-documented.
Current thalidomide use requires strict safety protocols to prevent embryo exposure.
Thalidomide analogues with reduced teratogenicity show promise.

Conclusions:

Understanding thalidomide embryopathy is crucial for managing survivors.
Awareness of age-related issues aids surgical and medical support for limb differences.
Principles of care for thalidomide survivors can inform management of other congenital limb differences.