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Lipid profile screening and ASCVD prevention

Filippo Figorilli1, Massimo Raffaele Mannarino1, Amirhossein Sahebkar2,3,4,5

  • 1Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
|May 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Early screening for high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) can prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Guidelines recommend systematic lipid profile screening for adults and selective screening for younger individuals with risk factors.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Preventive Cardiology
  • Lipidology

Background:

  • Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading global cause of death and disability.
  • Dyslipidemia, specifically elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), is a major modifiable risk factor for ASCVD.
  • High LDL-C levels often remain undiagnosed due to their asymptomatic nature, hindering timely intervention.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current guideline recommendations from leading scientific authorities on lipid profile screening programs.
  • It evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of various screening strategies.
  • The focus is on identifying individuals at risk for ASCVD through lipid level assessment.

Key Points:

  • Systematic LDL-C assessment is crucial for cardiovascular risk stratification in all adults.
  • Selective lipid screening in children and adolescents is advised when specific risk factors are present, such as a family history of early ASCVD or multiple cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Cascade screening for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) offers significant clinical benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of elevated LDL-C through targeted screening programs is essential for preventing ASCVD.
  • Further research is required to establish the cost-effectiveness of universal lipid screening in pediatric and young adult populations.
  • Integrating lipid screening into routine cardiovascular risk assessment is a key strategy for public health.
Abstract

Keywords:
ASCVD riskLDL-cholesteroldyslipidemialipidspreventionscreening

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