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Cryogenic sensor enabling broad-band and traceable power measurements.

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  • 1QCD Labs, QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland.

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We developed an ultralow-noise nanobolometer for ultrasensitive microwave power measurements. This new sensor enables metrologically traceable broadband power absorption measurements at ultralow powers, crucial for quantum technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Cryogenic Engineering
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Recent advancements in ultrasensitive microwave detectors enable applications in circuit quantum electrodynamics.
  • Existing cryogenic sensors are incompatible with broad-band, metrologically traceable power absorption measurements at ultralow powers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate ultrasensitive, metrologically traceable power absorption measurements at ultralow powers.
  • To overcome the limitations of current cryogenic sensors for broad-band power measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an ultralow-noise nanobolometer with an added direct-current (dc) heater input.
  • Employed dc-substitution techniques, comparing radio frequency (RF) and dc heating powers.
  • Traced absorbed power to the Josephson voltage and quantum Hall resistance standards.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated two distinct dc-substitution methods for calibrating power delivered to a dilution refrigerator's base temperature stage.
  • Successfully measured coaxial input line attenuation from 50 MHz to 7 GHz.
  • Achieved measurement uncertainties as low as 0.1 dB at -114 dBm input power.

Conclusions:

  • The nanobolometer provides a viable solution for metrologically traceable ultralow power measurements.
  • This technique significantly expands the applicability of cryogenic sensors in precision measurements.
  • Enables accurate characterization of microwave components and systems at ultralow power levels.