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Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

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Published on: April 23, 2014

Development and validation of the Barriers to Using Immediacy Scale (BUIS).

Justin W Hillman¹, Judith A Gerstenblith², Greta Jankauskaite²

¹Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park.

Journal of Counseling Psychology

|May 25, 2023

Summary

Therapists often avoid using immediacy, a key skill for processing the therapeutic relationship. A new scale, the Barriers to Using Immediacy Scale (BUIS), identifies therapist concerns and lack of skills as key avoidance reasons.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Psychotherapy Research
Clinical Psychology

Background:

Immediacy is a therapeutic skill enhancing the client-therapist relationship.
Therapists exhibit reluctance in utilizing immediacy skills.
Understanding barriers to immediacy use is crucial for effective training.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a scale measuring therapists' barriers to using immediacy.
To identify specific factors contributing to the avoidance of immediacy in therapy.

Main Methods:

Three studies involving therapist trainees and professionals were conducted.
Scale development included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.
Correlational analyses examined relationships between barriers, self-efficacy, and other psychological constructs.

Main Results:

The Barriers to Using Immediacy Scale (BUIS) demonstrated a robust four-factor structure.
Barriers related to lack of skills decreased post-training, while others persisted.
BUIS scores correlated significantly with self-efficacy, theoretical orientation, communication, and attachment styles.

Conclusions:

The BUIS effectively measures therapist reluctance to use immediacy.
Addressing skill deficits and specific concerns may improve immediacy utilization.
Findings inform therapist training and enhance understanding of therapeutic relationship dynamics.