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Development and validation of the Barriers to Using Immediacy Scale (BUIS)
Justin W Hillman1, Judith A Gerstenblith2, Greta Jankauskaite2
1Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park.
Journal of Counseling Psychology
|May 25, 2023
Summary
Therapists often avoid using immediacy, a key skill for processing the therapeutic relationship. A new scale, the Barriers to Using Immediacy Scale (BUIS), identifies therapist concerns and lack of skills as key avoidance reasons.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Psychotherapy Research
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Immediacy is a therapeutic skill enhancing the client-therapist relationship.
- Therapists exhibit reluctance in utilizing immediacy skills.
- Understanding barriers to immediacy use is crucial for effective training.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a scale measuring therapists' barriers to using immediacy.
- To identify specific factors contributing to the avoidance of immediacy in therapy.
Main Methods:
- Three studies involving therapist trainees and professionals were conducted.
- Scale development included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.
- Correlational analyses examined relationships between barriers, self-efficacy, and other psychological constructs.
Main Results:
- The Barriers to Using Immediacy Scale (BUIS) demonstrated a robust four-factor structure.
- Barriers related to lack of skills decreased post-training, while others persisted.
- BUIS scores correlated significantly with self-efficacy, theoretical orientation, communication, and attachment styles.
Conclusions:
- The BUIS effectively measures therapist reluctance to use immediacy.
- Addressing skill deficits and specific concerns may improve immediacy utilization.
- Findings inform therapist training and enhance understanding of therapeutic relationship dynamics.
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