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Stabilized frequency response of a microgrid using a two-degree-of-freedom controller with African vultures

Nirojakanta Swain1, Nidul Sinha1, Sadasiva Behera1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Silchar, 788010, India.

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Summary

Renewable energy integration in microgrids causes low inertia and frequency instability. This study introduces a novel 2-degree of freedom PID controller optimized by the African vultures optimization algorithm to emulate virtual inertia and damping, enhancing grid stability.

Keywords:
2DOFPIDAVOAFrequency stabilityVirtual synchronous generator

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Power Systems
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • Microgrids increasingly integrate renewable energy sources (RESs) like solar and wind power stations (SPSs and WPSs).
  • RESs, dominated by power electronic converters, introduce very low inertia into microgrids, leading to a high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and volatile frequency response.
  • This inherent characteristic poses significant challenges for maintaining grid stability and reliable power supply.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenges of low inertia and frequency volatility in RES-dominated microgrids.
  • To propose and evaluate a novel control strategy for emulating virtual inertia and damping.
  • To enhance the dynamic performance and stability of microgrids with significant RES penetration.

Main Methods:

  • Emulation of virtual inertia and damping using a novel two-degree of freedom PID (2DOFPID) controller.
  • Optimization of the 2DOFPID controller gains, along with virtual inertia and damping control (VIADC) loop parameters, using the African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA).
  • Verification of the proposed control methodology's dynamic response in a microgrid model using an OPAL-RT real-time environmental simulator (OP4510).

Main Results:

  • The African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA) demonstrated superior performance compared to other optimization techniques in terms of convergence rate and quality.
  • The proposed 2DOFPID controller optimized with AVOA showed enhanced performance in emulating virtual inertia and damping.
  • Comparative analysis indicated that the proposed control methodology outperformed conventional control strategies in stabilizing microgrid frequency.

Conclusions:

  • The developed virtual inertia and damping emulation strategy effectively mitigates frequency instability in low-inertia microgrids.
  • The novel 2DOFPID controller optimized by AVOA provides a robust and efficient solution for improving microgrid dynamic response.
  • Real-time simulation results confirm the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed control approach for enhancing microgrid resilience.