Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

56.5K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
56.5K
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

12.0K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
12.0K
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

53.1K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
53.1K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

9.7K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
9.7K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

7.1K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.1K
Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing01:36

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

5.3K
5.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Methionine Deprivation-induced Reprogramming of Hepatic Rhythms Is Mediated by Glucocorticoid Receptor.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Enzyme structure and kinetics produce tRNA and nucleotide specificity of Schizosaccharomyces pombe CC- and A-adding enzymes.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

CNOT10 is involved in TTP-mediated AU-rich element containing mRNA metabolism, independent of mRNA decay regulation.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Structural basis of fungal β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibition by caspofungin.

Nature·2026
Same author

The regulation, function and disease relevance of cytoplasmic tRNAs.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2026
Same author

VitriFlex: An Open-Source, Modular, and Customizable Robotic Platform for Cryo-EM Grid Preparation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

2.8K

Structural basis for pre-tRNA recognition and processing by the human tRNA splicing endonuclease complex.

Cassandra K Hayne1,2, Kevin John U Butay3, Zachary D Stewart4,5

  • 1Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. chayne@uchicago.edu.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
|May 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The human tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) complex structure reveals how it binds pre-tRNA. This finding offers insights into neurodevelopmental disorders like pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) caused by TSEN mutations.

More Related Videos

Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
08:12

Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker

Published on: January 3, 2019

7.3K
ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast
07:31

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

Published on: June 30, 2022

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 29, 2025

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency
08:53

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

2.8K
Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker
08:12

Single-step Purification of Macromolecular Complexes Using RNA Attached to Biotin and a Photo-cleavable Linker

Published on: January 3, 2019

7.3K
ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast
07:31

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

Published on: June 30, 2022

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Neurogenetics

Background:

  • Transfer RNA (tRNA) transcripts in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes can contain introns that must be spliced out.
  • Eukaryotic tRNA splicing is initiated by the heterotetrameric tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) complex.
  • Mutations in TSEN subunits are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the structural basis of human TSEN complex interaction with pre-tRNA.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying PCH by visualizing mutation sites.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was used to obtain high-resolution structures.
  • The study focused on the human TSEN-pre-tRNA complex.

Main Results:

  • The cryo-EM structures reveal the overall architecture of the human TSEN complex and its extensive tRNA binding interfaces.
  • Homology with archaeal TSENs was observed, alongside unique features for pre-tRNA recognition in humans.
  • The TSEN54 subunit acts as a crucial scaffold, organizing the pre-tRNA and endonuclease subunits.

Conclusions:

  • The determined structures provide a molecular understanding of pre-tRNA splicing by the human TSEN complex.
  • Visualizing the environment of PCH-associated mutations offers insights into the pathogenesis of these neurodevelopmental disorders.