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Immunotherapy in Anal Cancer.
Natasha Dhawan1, Muhammad Z Afzal1, Manik Amin1
1Department of Medical Oncology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
|May 26, 2023
Summary
Immunotherapy is emerging as a key treatment for anal cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. Research focuses on integrating immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines into various treatment stages.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Virology
Background:
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus incidence and mortality are rising globally.
- High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infections are linked to most anal cancers.
- HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 can elicit anti-tumor immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolving role of immunotherapy in treating anal squamous cell carcinoma.
- To summarize current research and future directions for immunotherapy in anal cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on anal cancer treatment modalities.
- Analysis of the impact of human papilloma virus (HPV) on anti-tumor immunity.
- Exploration of various immunotherapy strategies under investigation.
Main Results:
- Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and vaccines, shows promise for anal cancer.
- Combination therapies incorporating immunomodulating non-immunotherapies are being explored.
- Research is actively investigating immunotherapy sequencing for different stages of anal cancer.
Conclusions:
- Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in the treatment paradigm for anal cancer.
- Further research is crucial to optimize the use of immunotherapy in both locally advanced and metastatic settings.
- Integrating immunotherapy strategies holds potential for improved patient outcomes in anal squamous cell carcinoma.
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