Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

714
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
714
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

17
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
17
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.7K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.7K
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

1.1K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
1.1K
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

1.4K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
1.4K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

879
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
879

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chronic hypoxia protects the mouse heart from oxidative stress via HIF-1α-mitochondria crosstalk.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same author

Clinical Anatomy of the Left and Right Atrial Appendages in Humans: Comparative and Developmental Perspective.

Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Sex-dependent myocardial necrosis-like signaling in rats with heart failure due to chronic pressure overload.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2026
Same author

Use of animal biometrics for accurate hunting evidence of wild ungulates: red deer as a model species.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026
Same author

Accelerating Transmural Conduction: The Role of Intramural Purkinje Fibers in the Pig Heart.

Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology·2026
Same author

Epitranscriptomic signatures in blood: emerging biomarkers for diagnosis of diabetes and its complications.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues
09:40

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues

Published on: May 5, 2020

5.9K

Developmental Aspects of Cardiac Adaptation to Increased Workload.

Bohuslav Ostadal1, Frantisek Kolar1, Ivana Ostadalova1

  • 1Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|May 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac growth adapts to workload, with neonatal hearts showing hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Early intervention in congenital heart disease may improve surgical outcomes by leveraging this developmental plasticity.

Keywords:
adaptation to overloadadaptive growth responsecardiac developmenthyperplasiahypertrophyphylogenypostnatal ontogeny

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model
06:04

Author Spotlight: Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.1K
Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine
12:37

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine

Published on: February 9, 2016

13.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues
09:40

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues

Published on: May 5, 2020

5.9K
Author Spotlight: Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model
06:04

Author Spotlight: Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.1K
Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine
12:37

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine

Published on: February 9, 2016

13.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Developmental biology
  • Cardiac adaptation

Background:

  • The heart adapts to increased workload by increasing muscle mass.
  • Cardiac growth mechanisms (hyperplasia, hypertrophy) differ across species and developmental stages.
  • Warm-blooded species primarily exhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy after birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental regulation of cardiac growth in response to pressure overload.
  • To compare cardiac adaptive responses before and after the shift from hyperplasia to hypertrophy.
  • To explore the implications of developmental timing for neonatal cardiac interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of pressure overload (aortic constriction) in developing animal models.
  • Analysis of cardiac growth patterns, including cardiomyocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis.
  • Comparison of responses in neonatal versus adult animals.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal pressure overload induced a unique cardiac growth pattern characterized by cardiomyocyte hyperplasia, angiogenesis, and collagen biogenesis.
  • This response differed significantly from the predominantly hypertrophic response observed in adults.
  • The observed hyperplasia and angiogenesis were proportional to myocyte growth.

Conclusions:

  • The timing of cardiac adaptation is critical, with distinct responses during neonatal development versus adulthood.
  • Neonatal cardiac interventions, particularly for congenital heart disease, may benefit from early surgical repair.
  • Understanding developmental plasticity is key to optimizing long-term surgical outcomes in pediatric cardiology.