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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

26
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
26
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

25
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
25
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

20
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
20
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

23
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
23
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

19
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
19
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

14
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
14

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

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Image-based ring size prediction for mitral valve repair.

Serdar Akansel1,2, Markus Kofler1,2,3, Karel M Van Praet1,2,3

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charite (DHZC), Berlin, Germany.

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
|May 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate annuloplasty ring sizing for mitral valve repair (MVr) is crucial. Three-dimensional mitral valve (3D-MV) reconstruction models, particularly commissural width and intertrigonal distance, effectively predict ring size, improving surgical outcomes.

Keywords:
Image-based ring sizingMitral valve repairRing annuloplastyRing size predictionRing sizing

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Annuloplasty rings are standard in mitral valve repair (MVr).
  • Precise annuloplasty ring sizing is critical for successful MVr outcomes.
  • Current ring sizing methods can be challenging and depend heavily on surgeon experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of three-dimensional mitral valve (3D-MV) reconstruction models in predicting the appropriate annuloplasty ring size for MVr.
  • To identify key 3D-MV geometric parameters that correlate with optimal ring size selection.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 150 patients undergoing minimally invasive MVr for Carpentier type II pathology was analyzed.
  • Semi-automated 4D MV Analysis software was used to create 3D-MV reconstruction models and quantify mitral valve geometry.
  • Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to correlate 3D-MV measurements with implanted ring sizes.

Main Results:

  • Commissural width (CW) and intertrigonal distance (ITD) showed the highest correlation with implanted ring sizes (r=0.839 and r=0.796, respectively).
  • In multivariable analysis, CW and ITD were independent predictors of annuloplasty ring size (R²=0.743).
  • Using CW and ITD, 76.6% of patients received a ring size within one size of the predicted value.

Conclusions:

  • Three-dimensional mitral valve reconstruction models offer valuable support for surgical decision-making in annuloplasty ring sizing.
  • This study represents a foundational step towards developing advanced, potentially machine learning-based, systems for accurate annuloplasty ring size prediction.