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The Role of Receptor Uniformity in Multivalent Binding.

Xiuyang Xia1,2, Ge Zhang3, Massimo Pica Ciamarra2

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Multivalent binding selectivity is highest at intermediate energies, not weak ones, for uniform receptors. This finding impacts biosensor design and understanding biological multivalency.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Multivalency is crucial in biology, offering superselectivity through cooperative binding.
  • Previous assumptions favored weak individual binding for enhanced multivalent targeting selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between binding energy and selectivity in multivalent interactions.
  • To challenge the traditional view that weak binding is optimal for multivalent selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical mean field theory.
  • Monte Carlo simulations.

Main Results:

  • Highest selectivity for uniformly distributed receptors occurs at intermediate binding energies.
  • Selectivity can surpass that of the weak binding limit.
  • An exponential relationship between bound fraction and receptor concentration, influenced by binding strength and combinatorial entropy, drives this phenomenon.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal multivalent targeting selectivity is achieved at intermediate binding strengths, contrary to prior beliefs.
  • Findings offer guidelines for designing highly selective multivalent biosensors.
  • Introduces a new perspective on understanding biological processes involving multivalency.