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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

6.7K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2025

Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment
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Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: March 25, 2020

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Deciphering the tumour immune microenvironment cell by cell.

M Nabhan1, D Egan1, M Kreileder1

  • 1Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland.

Immuno-Oncology Technology
|May 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise in cancer therapy, but variable response rates highlight the need for biomarkers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impacts ICI efficacy and resistance.

Keywords:
immune checkpoint inhibitorssingle-cell analysistumour microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment, offering durable responses in some patients.
  • However, response rates to ICIs vary significantly across different cancer types, necessitating the identification of predictive biomarkers.
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in mediating both response and resistance to ICIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the modalities that shape the TME, including metabolic factors, hypoxia, and cancer-associated fibroblasts.
  • To discuss advanced techniques for dissecting TME complexity, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and spatial proteomics.
  • To highlight clinically relevant findings derived from multi-modal TME analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TME composition and its influence on ICI therapy.
  • Focus on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for cellular heterogeneity.
  • Integration of spatial transcriptomics and proteomics for spatial context.

Main Results:

  • The TME is a complex ecosystem with dynamic cell-cell interactions and environmental influences (metabolism, hypoxia, fibroblasts).
  • Multi-modal analyses provide unprecedented resolution into TME composition and its impact on ICI outcomes.
  • These advanced techniques are yielding clinically relevant insights into ICI response and resistance mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the TME is crucial for improving ICI therapy efficacy.
  • Advanced single-cell and spatial technologies are powerful tools for dissecting TME complexity.
  • Biomarkers derived from TME analysis hold promise for predicting and enhancing patient response to ICIs.