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Risk of psychological distress by decrease in economic activity, gender, and age due to COVID-19: A multinational

Minji Kim1, Byungyoon Yun2, Juho Sim3

  • 1Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

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|May 26, 2023
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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased psychological distress, especially among women and younger individuals experiencing economic hardship. Lower Human Development Index countries showed higher economic impact, particularly for those with less education.

Keywords:
COVID-19human development indexjob loss and unemploymentmultinational surveypsychological distress

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, declared in early 2020, has had profound global impacts.
  • Understanding the socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing psychological distress is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between decreased economic activity, gender, age, and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To consider the influence of national economic status and education levels on these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Multinational online surveys administered to 14,243 respondents across 15 countries in August 2020.
  • Prevalence of economic activity decrease and psychological distress stratified by age, gender, education, and Human Development Index (HDI).
  • Multivariate logistic regression and mixed-effects models were used for association analysis.

Main Results:

  • Women (OR 1.067) and younger age (OR 0.998 per year increase) showed higher psychological distress and economic activity decrease, respectively.
  • Lower HDI countries exhibited a higher prevalence of economic activity decrease, particularly among lower education levels.
  • Psychological distress was significantly associated with decreased economic activity, being female, and younger age.

Conclusions:

  • Psychological distress during COVID-19 is linked to economic activity decrease, gender, and age.
  • Vulnerable groups include women in high HDI countries and individuals with low education in lower HDI countries.
  • Policy recommendations include financial aid and psychological interventions tailored to vulnerable populations.