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Optical Simulation-Aided Design and Engineering of Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Yifeng Zhao1, Kunal Datta2, Nga Phung3
1Photovoltaic Materials and Devices Group, Delft University of Technology, Partner in Solliance, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
Monolithic perovskite/silicon heterojunction tandem solar cells achieved over 23% efficiency. Optimized light management and interfacial layers in silicon heterojunction bottom-cells enhanced performance, demonstrating potential for high-efficiency solar energy conversion.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Semiconductor Physics
Background:
- Monolithic perovskite/crystalline silicon (c-Si) tandem solar cells are a rapidly advancing photovoltaic technology, with efficiencies exceeding 30%.
- Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) technology offers excellent passivation and carrier transport properties, making it a suitable bottom-cell candidate for tandem devices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop monolithic tandem solar cells combining SHJ bottom-cells and perovskite top-cells.
- To investigate and implement light management techniques using optical simulations to enhance tandem solar cell performance.
- To optimize interfacial layers for SHJ bottom-cells and passivation strategies for perovskite top-cells.
Main Methods:
- Engineering intrinsic amorphous silicon (i-a-Si:H) passivating layers for (100)-oriented flat c-Si surfaces.
- Combining i-a-Si:H with various n-type amorphous silicon (n-a-Si:H), nanocrystalline silicon (n-nc-Si:H), and silicon oxycarbide (n-nc-SiO:H) interfacial layers for SHJ bottom-cells.
- Utilizing photostable mixed-halide perovskite compositions and surface passivation for the top-cell.
- Employing optical simulations to guide light management strategies and analyze interference effects.
Main Results:
- Achieved a minority carrier lifetime of 16.9 ms in SHJ bottom-cells using i-a-Si:H bilayers and n-nc-Si:H.
- Demonstrated tandem solar cell efficiencies exceeding 23%, with a maximum of 24.6%, using all three types of n-layers.
- Identified n-nc-SiO:H and n-nc-Si:H as promising interfacial layers due to minimized reflection and optimized interference effects between sub-cells.
Conclusions:
- Monolithic perovskite/SHJ tandem solar cells can achieve high efficiencies through careful engineering of both sub-cells and their interfaces.
- Effective light management, particularly minimizing interfacial reflection via optimized interference, is crucial for maximizing tandem solar cell performance.
- The developed strategies are applicable to various tandem solar cell structures, paving the way for next-generation high-efficiency photovoltaics.
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