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Increasing fluid viscosity in granular flows transitions single-finger to multi-finger patterns. This study reveals how viscous pressure stabilizes granular fingering, forming compact radial spoke patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics of complex fluids
  • Granular material dynamics
  • Multiphase flow phenomena

Background:

  • Multiphase flows with granular materials exhibit complex pattern formation.
  • Interactions between mechanical and hydrodynamic forces drive pattern evolution.
  • Granular bulldozing and fluid viscosity influence flow stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the interplay between granular bulldozing and viscous pressure gradients.
  • Analyze pattern transitions in fluid injection into granular layers.
  • Understand the role of viscosity in stabilizing granular invasion fronts.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study involving injection of aqueous solutions into dry, hydrophobic granular layers.
  • Systematic variation of fluid viscosity to observe pattern changes.
  • Analysis of the resulting finger morphology and propagation dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observed a transition from single frictional finger growth to simultaneous multiple finger growth with increasing viscous forces.
  • Demonstrated that internal viscous pressure gradients compact the emergent patterns.
  • Identified the formation of a stabilized front of frictional fingers advancing in a radial spoke pattern.

Conclusions:

  • Viscous pressure gradients play a crucial role in stabilizing multiphase granular flows.
  • Fluid viscosity is a key parameter controlling the transition from single to multiple fingering patterns.
  • The study elucidates the mechanism for forming compact, radially symmetric granular invasion patterns.