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Published on: July 27, 2018
Evolution and biogeography of apple stem grooving virus
Shohreh Shokri1, Kamal Shujaei1, Adrian J Gibbs2
1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) likely originated in East Asia and spread globally. Analysis of ASGV genomes reveals complex global distribution patterns and varying selection pressures across its genome.
Area of Science:
- Plant Virology
- Molecular Phylogenetics
- Population Genetics
Background:
- Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) infects a broad range of hosts, including apples, pears, prunes, and citrus worldwide.
- ASGV is a globally distributed virus with significant implications for fruit crop health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) isolates.
- To investigate the population genetics and selection pressures acting on different regions of the ASGV genome.
Main Methods:
- Sequencing of near-complete ASGV genomes and coat protein (CP) genes from Iranian isolates.
- Phylogenetic analysis of 120 genomic sequences and 276 CP genes from global isolates.
- Population genetic analysis of six distinct regions within the ASGV genome.
Main Results:
- Phylogenetic analysis revealed a basal position for Chinese isolates, with global isolates forming a monophyletic clade lacking clear host or geographic groupings.
- The largest identified cluster comprised Iranian isolates alongside worldwide samples from diverse hosts.
- Population genetic analyses indicated strong negative selection in four genomic regions and positive selection in two regions of unknown function.
Conclusions:
- ASGV likely originated and disseminated from East Asia, with China exhibiting the highest nucleotide diversity.
- The virus's spread is not confined to Eurasia, and its global distribution is complex, with no simple host or provenance-based clustering observed.
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