Abandoning the word Caucasian

Area of Science:

• Genetics
• Medical Ethics
• Sociolinguistics

Background:

• Patient-reported genetic ancestry has traditionally aided in genetic risk assessment and variant curation.
• The terminology used for race, ethnicity, and genetic ancestry has evolved significantly.
• The term "Caucasian" for European ancestry is now under scrutiny.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical origins and usage of the term "Caucasian."
• To present evidence supporting the discontinuation of "Caucasian" in medical and genetic contexts.
• To align with recommendations from health organizations and professional societies.

Main Methods:

• Historical literature review of the term "Caucasian."
• Analysis of current medical and genetics practice guidelines.
• Examination of recommendations from organizations like the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).

Main Results:

• The term "Caucasian" has a complex and contested history.
• Professional organizations recommend moving away from using "Caucasian" to describe genetic ancestry.
• Evidence suggests the term is inadequate and potentially misleading for documenting genetic ancestry.

Conclusions:

• The term "Caucasian" should be avoided in medical records, laboratory forms, and research.
• Adopting precise and updated terminology for genetic ancestry is crucial for accurate risk assessment and research.
• This shift reflects evolving standards in genetics and a commitment to accurate scientific communication.