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Abandoning the word Caucasian.

Matthew L Tschirgi1, Khalida Liaquat1, Meenakshi Mahey Kumar1

  • 1Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, New Jersey, USA.

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Summary

The term "Caucasian" is increasingly being phased out in genetics and medicine. This review examines the history of the term and provides evidence for its removal from medical records and research.

Keywords:
Caucasiancarrier screeningcultural humilitydiversityequityethnicitygenetic ancestrygenetic testinginclusionjusticerace

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Medical Ethics
  • Sociolinguistics

Background:

  • Patient-reported genetic ancestry has traditionally aided in genetic risk assessment and variant curation.
  • The terminology used for race, ethnicity, and genetic ancestry has evolved significantly.
  • The term "Caucasian" for European ancestry is now under scrutiny.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical origins and usage of the term "Caucasian."
  • To present evidence supporting the discontinuation of "Caucasian" in medical and genetic contexts.
  • To align with recommendations from health organizations and professional societies.

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review of the term "Caucasian."
  • Analysis of current medical and genetics practice guidelines.
  • Examination of recommendations from organizations like the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).

Main Results:

  • The term "Caucasian" has a complex and contested history.
  • Professional organizations recommend moving away from using "Caucasian" to describe genetic ancestry.
  • Evidence suggests the term is inadequate and potentially misleading for documenting genetic ancestry.

Conclusions:

  • The term "Caucasian" should be avoided in medical records, laboratory forms, and research.
  • Adopting precise and updated terminology for genetic ancestry is crucial for accurate risk assessment and research.
  • This shift reflects evolving standards in genetics and a commitment to accurate scientific communication.